A Guide to Different Types of Knives

When exploring the world of knives, two fundamental categories form the foundation of knife design and functionality: folders and fixed blades. 

While folders offer convenience and portability through their ability to collapse into the handle, fixed blades provide unmatched strength and reliability through their solid, one-piece construction. Each category has developed its unique design elements, terminology and practical applications. Understanding these fundamental distinctions is essential before exploring the wide variety of blade shapes, lock types, materials and specialised designs that make up the modern knife landscape.

Whether you’re interested in EDC (Everyday Carry), tactical applications or outdoor use, this guide will walk you through the essential elements that define different knife types and their characteristics.

Knife terminology

Folder

• Thumb stud

• Thumb ramp

• Jimping

• Back spine

• Grind

• Choil

• Pivot

• Handle scale

• Pocket clip

• Lanyard hole

Fixed

• Tang

• Choil

• Ricasso

• Guard

• Rivets

• Pommel

Blade shapes

• Clip point

• Drop point

• Spear point

• Bowie

• Wharncliffe

• Sheepsfoot

• Lambsfoot

• Tanto

• Straight back

• Gut-Hook

Lock types

• Back lock

• Liner lock

• Frame lock

• AXIS lock

• Compression lock

• Button lock

Grinds

• Flat

• Hollow

• Convex

• Scandinavian

• Chisel

Steel types

Put simply, there are two types of steel: stainless and carbon. Stainless steel is softer, easier to sharpen and less prone to corrosion. Carbon is harder and more brittle, so it will retain an edge longer but is more difficult to sharpen and more susceptible to corrosion. Bushcrafters often prefer carbon as it is easier to create a spark from a firesteel. 

Handle types

There are an enormous number of materials to choose from. The most common are organic materials such as wood (Curly Birch, Olive, Pakka, Rosewood, Walnut, etc), stag antler, and bone. Then there are the manufactured materials such as G10 (composite material made from woven fiberglass and epoxy resin), Micarta (waterproof material made from fabrics such as canvas, paper, linen, carbon fibre, fiberglass, and other thermoplastic fibres), and Titanium.

Knife type by usage

• EDC: An EDC (Everyday Carry) knife is typically one that is legal to carry in the UK, ie. It has a sub-three-inch (7.6cm) blade, which is non-locking. A larger, locking blade can be carried if a legitimate purpose can be proved. In other words, it is being used in a work, bushcraft or other legitimate outdoor environment.

• Work knife: Often a fixed blade or a folder with a locking blade to prevent accidental closing. A work knife uses the toughest steels and handle materials and is built for heavy use for long periods.

• Bushcraft and survival: Predominantly fixed blades, these knives are designed to perform a wide range of tasks from shelter building to firewood and food preparation. A carbon blade steel is preferred due to its hardness, which enables effective use of a fire steel and long-term use before sharpening is required. For the preparation of larger pieces of wood or for clearing an area of bush for a camp site, a machete or kukri is often used.

• Tactical: ‘Tactical’ is a broad term for knives used in a professional arena such as the military and emergency services. Using a wide range of materials, they are known for their heavy build and tough exterior. Reliability is key. Both fixed blades and folders can fall under the term ‘Tactical’ and are often owned by collectors for their historical associations and provenance.

• Hunting: A hunting knife is signified by its wide blade and lack of pronounced point to avoid puncturing internal organs or the hide during the skinning process. Materials vary widely, with natural organic handle scales often favoured due to their ability to survive harsh weather conditions and heavy use. However, a brand such as Fallkniven uses Kraton, a man-made synthetic rubber which benefits from being able to be sterilised, ensuring a hygienic, germ-free tool for the professional game keeper.  

• Kitchen: Kitchen and chef’s knives is an enormous category. Here at heinnie.com we have a select few brands and a great selection of knives designed to be used for food prep in the outdoors. For a wider selection of kitchen knives see kotura.uk

Knife care

Preventing corrosion and damage:

• After use, clean and dry your blade thoroughly. A light coat of mineral oil helps prevent oxidation.

• Avoid exposing your knives to harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures. This can damage both the blade and handle.

• Check your knife handles regularly. Wood handles may need occasional oiling to prevent cracking. For synthetic handles, look out for signs of wear or damage.

Knife storage and care:

• Proper storage is key to knife longevity. Use a knife block, magnetic strip or blade guards to protect edges. Try to avoid storing your knife in a leather sheath for extended periods, as this can encourage corrosion. For long-term storage, lightly oil the blade.

• Clean your knives by hand. Never put them in the dishwasher - the heat and harsh detergents can damage the blade and handle.

• Regularly inspect your knives for loose screws or rivets. Tighten as needed to maintain the knife’s integrity.

Reliable Large Survival Knives for Tough Conditions